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Modelo Logico Matematico

RAZÓN DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN

A) El modelo lógico del derecho penal es el producto de una investigación que se inicio hace cuarenta años con la finalidad de construir un sistema conceptual que permita la explicación consistente, tanto general como especial de todo el derecho penal.

B) La investigación ha evidenciado diversas deficiencias que gravan a la doctrina penal, entre las cuales destaca la mezcla de facticidad y normatividad en la teoría del delito y en la teoría de la pena.

Ba) En la teoría del delito, cuyo objeto de conocimiento es, precisamente, el delito, se incluye el estudio del tipo penal que es parte integrante de la norma penal y, por tanto, es objeto de conocimiento de la teoría de la norma penal.

El delito es un hecho particular cometido por una concreta persona, por lo cual pertenece al mundo fáctico, el tipo, en cambio, es una mera descripción general y abstracta elaborada por el legislador, y por ello pertenece al mundo normativo. Son dos mundos diferentes.

Bb) Otro ejemplo de esta clase de confusión es lo referente al dolo.

El dolo como parte integrante del delito es el dolo del caso concreto y, por ende, es un concreto proceso cerebral, en tanto que el dolo, visto como elemento del tipo (normatividad pura), es una mera descripción general y abstracta que hace el legislador. En el tipo no tienen cabida ingredientes fácticos. No pueden fusionarse facticidad y normatividad en un solo concepto. La razón es obvia: la descripción del proceso cerebral no puede ser elemento del delito, y el proceso cerebral concreto no puede ser elemento del tipo.

Bc) En la teoría de la pena, con una visión singular, se abarcan tres momentos o ámbitos distintos de la pena: a) La conminación legal que, unida al tipo, integra la norma general y abstracta; b) La determinación judicial especifica de la sanción penal para el caso concreto (norma penal individual y concreta) en la sentencia condenatoria, y c) La ejecución de la determinación judicial.

Esta visión conduce a imprecisiones respecto de la legitimación, la legalidad, la finalidad y el criterio de determinación de cada uno de estos ámbitos dentro de la teoría de la pena. Se trata de tres materias diferentes y por ello habrá que elaborar la teoría correspondiente a cada una de acuerdo con su especifico objeto de conocimiento. Esto es lo que hace el modelo lógico.

CARACTERÍSTICAS: Desarrolla una teoría general del tipo penal a partir de los postulados del finalismo, proponiendo una redimencionalización de sus elementos fundamentales, reduciendo, por medio del análisis, a la figura elaborada por el legislador para la defensa de los bienes jurídicos en unidades lógico jurídicas que pueden agruparse en subconjuntos ordenados y que se pueden clasificar en descriptivos objetivos (bien jurídico, sujeto activo, su calidad de garante, su calidad específica, pluralidad específica, sujeto pasivo, su calidad específica, su pluralidad específica, objeto material, actividad, inactividad, resultado material, medios, referencias temporales, referencias espaciales, referencias de ocasión lesión del bien jurídico y puesta en peligro del bien jurídico); descriptivos subjetivos (voluntabilidad, imputabilidad, voluntad dolosa y voluntad culposa), y descriptivo valorativos (deber jurídico penal y violación del deber jurídico penal).

El método se funda en la lógica matemática, específicamente en el cálculo de primer nivel y en la lógica formal, y cuya estructura se basa en la distinción de los niveles de lenguaje.




ELEMENTOS

Los principales exponentes son Elpidio Ramírez Hernández y Olga Islas, sus mayores aportes se plantean dentro de la estructura general del tipo penal entendiendo como “una figura elaborada por el legislador descriptiva de una clase de eventos antisociales, con un contenido necesario y suficiente para garantizar la protección de uno o más bienes jurídicos, contenido reductible, por medio del análisis, a unidades lógico jurídicas denominadas elementos.

Estos elementos, cuya propiedad genérica consiste en la función de garantía de uno o más bienes jurídicos poseen, además, propiedades muy particulares que permiten organizarlos en grupos a los que se les puede llamar subconjuntos del tipo legal. Tales como subconjuntos hacen factible una definición estructural de los tipos.



Esta teoría se basa en la siguiente fórmula:

T =[NB(A1+A2+A3+A4+A5)(P1+P2)M][(J1+J2)(I1+I2)R(E+G+S+F)][(W1=W2)V]

SE DIVIDEN EN:

*DESCRIPTIVOS O NO VALORATIVOS
B=BIEN JURIDICO
A=SUJETO ACTIVO
P=SUJETO PASIVO
P1=CALIDAD ESPECIFICA
P2=PLURALIDAD ESPECIFICA
M=OBJETO MATERIAL
E=MEDIOS
G=REFERENCIAS TEMPORALES
S=REFERENCIAS ESPACIALES
F=REFERENCIAS DE OCASIÓN
W1=LASION DEL BIEN JURIDICO
W2=PUESTA EN PELIGRO DEL BIEN JURIDICO


*VALORATIVOS
N=DEBER JURIDICO LEGAL
V=VIOLACION DEL DEBER JURIDICO LEGAL

*SUBJETIVOS
A1=VOLUNTABILIDAD
A2=IMPUTABILIDAD
J1=VOLUNTAD DOLOSA
J2=VOLUNTAD CULPOSA

*OBJETIVOS
A3=CALIDAD DE GARANTE
A4=CALIDAD ESPECIFICA
A5=PLURALIDAD ESPECIFICA
I1=ACTIVIDAD
I2=INACTIVIDAD
R=RESULTADO MATERIAL

Los elementos del tipo penal son clasificados como únicamente descriptivos o no valorativos, subjetivos y objetivos. Los elementos puramente descriptivos constituyen el objeto sobre el cual recae la valoración dada en lo propios tipos por el legislador. Los valorativos contienen precisamente la valoración legal de ese objeto. Son valorativos: el deber jurídico penal y la violación del deber jurídico penal; todos los demás son puramente descriptivos.
También se puede hablar de elementos subjetivos y elementos objetivos; son subjetivos: la voluntad, la imputabilidad, la voluntad dolosa y la voluntad culposa, son objetos todos los restantes.




32 comentarios:

Anónimo dijo...

=)gracias

Anónimo dijo...

ALGUIEN PODRIA AGREGAR CUALES SON LOS POSTULADOS FINALISTAS SOBRE LOS CUALES SE BASA ESTA TEORIA; PARECE IMPORTANTE.

Unknown dijo...

podrias explicar como aplicar la formula

Anónimo dijo...

Los elementos valorativos, también conocidos como normativos, pueden ser cualesquiera que requieran una interpretación para establecer si ocurren o no, como puede ser "vía general de comunicación", que no es meramente descriptivo, sino que debe recurrirse a la Ley General de Vías de Comunicación para determinar si acontece la figura típica.

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